Good thoughts

Ø Do not tell everyone everything about yourself, your strategies and your aspirations.

Ø Small victories lead to large victories.

Ø Nature’s greatest happiness is in change.

Ø Success on the outside begins within.

Ø You cannot do well unless you feel good.

Ø The quality of your life ultimately comes down to the quality of your thoughts.

Books for Basic Electrical Engg

Here are name of some good books which you can used for Basic Electrical Engineering

1. Electrical Technology by B.L. Thareja

2. Basic Electrical Engineering by V.K. Mehta

3. Fundamental of Basic Electrical Engineering by Asfaq Hussain.

4. Basic Electrical Engineering by Nagrath kothari.

5. Basic Electrical Engineering by Mittal

and there a no. of books available from Indian and foreign author.

important question on Battery

1. Compare different type of Secondary Batteries.

2. Explain efficiency of batteries.

3. Explain electrical characteristics of batteries.

4. Explain in brief rating of batteries.

5. Explain series and parallel grouping of cells.

6. Explain Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries.

7. Solve any 3 problems on batteries of your choice.

classification of network

Classification of Network

Resistance, inductance and capacitance are called network parameters and may be in the form of lumped or distributed.

There are different types of classifications of networks:

1. Linear circuits: It is a circuit whose parameters remain constant with change in voltage or current. Examples are a resistance, inductance or capacitance.
2. Non-linear Circuits: It is a circuit whose parameters change with voltage or current. A semi-conductor resistor is an example of this circuit.

A linear circuit obeys ohm’s Law i.e current remains directly proportional with applied voltage, while in non linear circuit, ohm’s Law is not satisfied.

3. Unilateral Circuit: when the direction of current is changed, the characteristics or properties of the circuit may change. Example; diode, transistors etc.
4. Bilateral circuit: when with change in direction of current, the characterstics or properties of the circuit may not change, it is then called bilateral circuit. Mostly, elements made of high conductivity materials are bilateral circuits.
5. Active Network: It is a network which contains one or more than one source of e.m.f. An active network consists of an active element like a battery or transistor.

6. Passive Network: When a network does not contain any source of e.m.f., it is called passive network. A passive network consists of resistance, inductance or capacitance as passive element. A passive network does not contains any source of energy and the input port serve as load terminal. It may have output terminal.
7. Lumped and Distributed Network: physically separate network elements like R, L, or C are know as lumped elements. A transmission line or a cable is an example of distributed parameter network as throughout the line they are not physically separate. If the network is fabricated with its element in lumped form, it is called lumped network and if in distributed form it is called as distributed network.
8. Recurrent and Non Recurrent Network: when a large circuit consists of similar network one after another, the network is called as recurrent network or cascade network or ladder network. A single network is called as non-recurrent network.

Port in Network

1. One Port Network: Any active or passive network having only two terminals can be represented by an one port network.

2. Two Port Network: If a network consists of two pair of terminals where one pair of terminals can be designated as input, the other pair being output, it is called a two port network.

3. n- Port Network: if the network representation contains of :n”-number of pairs of terminals, it is called a n port network.

electrical network

Electrical Network

Network: when a number of impedances are connected together to form a system that consists of set interconnected circuits performing specific or assigned functions, it is called a “network” or “circuit”.

Electrical Network: An electrical network is a combination of numerous electric elements (e.g., resistance (R), inductance (L), capacitance (C) etc.

Network Elements: A network element is a component of a circuit having different characteristics.

1. Linear Elements: A linear element shows linear characteristics of voltage vs current. Simple resistors, inductors and capacitors are linear elements and their resistance; inductance and capacitance do not change with change in applied voltage or the circuit current.
2. Non-linear Element: for a non-linear element the cirrent passing through it does not change linearly with the linear change in applied voltage at a particular frequency. Example: semiconductor device.
3. Active Elements: If a circuit element has the capability of enhancing the energy level of a signal passing through it, it is called an active element. Example: Vacuum tubes and Semiconductor devices etc.
4. Passive Element: They do not have any intrinsic means of signal boosting. Examples: Resistors, Inductors, Capacitors, Thermistors etc.
5. Unilateral Elements: If the magnitude of the current passing through an element is affected due to change in the polarity of the applied voltage, the element is called unilateral element. Unilateral element offer varying impedances with variations in flow of current. Example: diodes, transistors.
6. Bilateral Element: If the current magnitude remains the same even if the applied e.m.f.’s polarity is changed, it is called a bilateral element. Bilateral element offer same impedance irrespective of flow of current. Example: resistor, inductor, capacitor.